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Backers of U.S. Film Incentive See Window to Pass Bill This Year

Supporters of a federal film incentive are preparing an all-out push to pass the legislation by the end of the year, looking to take advantage of momentum before Congress potentially changes hands next term.

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A bipartisan group of senators and representatives unveiled the bill on Thursday. It would provide a 20%-30% federal incentive for films and TV shows that would stack on top of state incentives, instantly making states like California, Georgia and New York among the world’s most generous film locations.

“Windows of opportunity to pass legislation open and close very quickly,” said Rep. Linda Sanchez, D-Calif., at a press conference on Thursday. “You have to really strike while the iron is hot.”

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The House of Representatives is out of session, and will not return until after the November election. But lawmakers expect that the lame-duck session will include a significant tax bill, into which the U.S. film incentive could be incorporated.

“It is the goal and it is realistic,” said Nathaniel Moran, R-Texas, in an interview. “When the right opportunity strikes, you’ve gotta jump at the opportunity. The stars have aligned where we have bicameral, bipartisan support, and we have a president who is very supportive of this.”

The bill introduced on Thursday has yet to get a cost estimate. As proposed, the incentive would cover a wide range of productions, including animation and reality shows. It would also cover salaries for actors and other above-the-line talent. A separate visual effects and postproduction credit would also apply to projects that are filmed abroad but completed domestically.

Asked whether the bill is a starting point for negotiations, or whether it may pass in something close to its current form, Moran said that time will tell.

“There is a long way to go,” he said. “One of the things that’s important is to get a score on the bill, to look for pay-fors that might offset any cost associated with the bill … Whether or not it changes a little bit or a lot will be determined by the feedback we get.”

The proposal includes a benefit for rural areas like Moran’s district — a 5% bonus for rural “opportunity zones” — as well as something for Los Angeles, in the form of a 5% bonus for filming in a federal disaster zone. (Due to last year’s fires, L.A. County qualifies through January 2030.)

“It was important for me to have that in there,” said Rep. Laura Friedman, D-Calif. “Film is very unique in terms of its ability to stand up a lot of jobs quickly.”

As written, the credit would stack on top of state-based incentives — with no reduction in qualified spend due to state credits — which would push the total subsidy into the 50% range in several states.

“The state tax incentives are separate and apart from the tax incentives here,” Moran said. “We see this as an additional incentive for the companies to benefit from to stay here.”

Sen. Adam Schiff, a Democratic sponsor of the bill, said he is eager to get it done this year, rather than let the momentum flag.

“The iron is very hot right now,” he said. “We’re all very focused on this, the president is focused on this. I wouldn’t want to see that bleed into next year.”

Still, Friedman cautioned, it’s not a sure thing.

“There’s a lot that has to happen for that to be a reality,” she said.


Source: Variety

‘Star Trek: Strange New Worlds’ Star Celia Rose Gooding Breaks Down That Time-Jumping Season 4 Finale

SPOILER ALERT: This article contains spoilers for “Tomorrow’s Enterprise,” the Season 4 finale of “Star Trek: Strange New Worlds,“ now streaming on Paramount+.

“Star Trek: Strange New Worlds” brought its fourth season to a close this week, with an episode that firmly sets up the show’s fifth and final season and teases the show’s entry into “Star Trek: The Original Series” territory. (Or as Trekkies call it, “TOS.”)

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The finale is anchored by the newly promoted Lt. Uhura (Celia Rose Gooding). She returns to the Enterprise after a Starfleet conference as the ship is preparing to observe a white hole, which is believed to be the counterpoint to a black hole.

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Uhura hears music coming from the white hole, when in true “Star Trek” space phenomenon style, a sudden energy burst strikes the ship. Uhura is knocked to the ground, but then hears what sounds like her own voice trying to save Scotty (Martin Quinn) from some kind of emergency.

As it turns out, she is not going crazy. We see that on the other side of the white hole, the Enterprise, one year in the future, is investigating a black hole. In this future timeline, Jim Kirk (Paul Wesley) is now the captain, Spock (Ethan Peck) is his first officer, Pike (Anson Mount) has been promoted to admiral, and La’an (Christina Chong) is mysteriously absent for … reasons.

Future Uhura is in a romantic relationship with Scotty, and the two fly out on a shuttle with Ortegas (Melissa Navia), who is now a flight instructor at the Academy, to investigate the black hole. But the same sudden energy burst hits the shuttle. This Uhura manages to make an emergency transport back to Enterprise, but Scotty is killed. Uhura is then told that Scotty had died a year earlier, setting up some fun “Star Trek” timey-wimey paradox stuff.

The episode establishes that “Strange New Worlds” Uhura and “TOS” Uhura are able to communicate across time, but perhaps most importantly the episode sees Gooding rocking the classic “TOS” Nichelle Nichols hairdo. According to Gooding, it took her a bit of adjusting to settle into the new look.

“I was a little insecure about it at first, because I thought I looked just different, and the human brain takes a minute to understand that different doesn’t mean danger,” Gooding tells Variety.

The two Uhuras (Two-hura?) must work together to save Scotty without disrupting the timeline any further. That proves to be tricky, especially since “TOS” Uhura has to guide her past self without getting into too much of what is to come in the intervening year.

“The hardest part was making them talk to each other and having ‘TOS’ Uhura speak on experiences that ‘Strange New Worlds’ Uhura hasn’t had yet, and to live in that sort of liminal space,” Gooding says. “As a recovering control addict, it was hard for me to live in that space and not immediately feel like I need a a point in ‘Strange New Worlds’ Uhura’s mind to leap off of and talk on.”

“I crave an answer, and to be met with yourself saying, ‘Hey, that’s not going to help you,’ it was a struggle for sure in the character,” she continues. “She had a hard time being told, ‘You’ve just got to trust me. You have to trust the me, that is you.’”

Past and future Uhura figure out a way to balance out the timeline using a dilithium diamond, but just when they are set to use it, another energy pulse sends them the opposite Enterprises. Meaning “TOS” Uhura is back in the past, while past Uhura is now in the future.

But past Uhura in the future is able to unlock the secret of the music she heard at the beginning of the episode. It turns out it was an alien entity within the white hole/black hole, telling the Enterprise to stay back, because a child is about to be birthed from it. The energy blasts, in other words, have been “contractions.”

The two Uhuras will be able to rebalance all that has gone awry if they can successfully birth this “space baby” using specialized drones that they can control from outside the ship. They both venture out and end up meeting each other face to face in space as the birth is happening — and Gooding says that shooting that was a mind-bender in and of itself.

“There were three different Uhuras on the call sheet at any given time,” she says. “It was me, my stand-in Lisa, and my stunt double Sammy. There were times in which I was having a conversation with a tennis ball on a stick, and there were times where I was having my conversation with Lisa, but we recorded my dialogue so mt stand-in wasn’t saying it — it was me having a conversation with my voice so the timing was right. So it was me looking at her, but hearing the voice of God, as we call it, as my voice.”

The space baby is successfully born, and the two Uhuras are transported to the bridge of the Enterprise and thanked by the alien midwives. They also get a chance to talk to each other, which Gooding calls a “passing of the torch” between “Strange New Worlds” and “TOS.”

“‘Strange New Worlds’ has done all the work that we are gonna do,” she says. “We have told the stories. They are written, recorded, edited. ADR is done. All we have to do is share it with the world. And I think what we have done with the series finale of ‘Strange New Worlds’ is tee up a series of opportunities. We could veer off and have more conversations about Kirk’s captaincy, or we can launch right into the original series.

“We found a way to close this chapter for the legacy characters, but we’ve also been able to say goodbye to characters that only exist in ‘Strange New Worlds,’” Gooding says. “And we’ve done it in a way that I think is really satisfying.”


Source: Variety

Dakota Johnson on Being in Taylor Swift’s ‘Patient Zero’ Music Video: ‘We Respect Each Other’s Creative Minds’

New, mysterious and cryptic clips of Dakota Johnson flanked by another woman and man have taken rhe internet by storm, but this time, they aren’t part of her latest movie, “Verity”; they’re part of a Taylor Swift music video. Swift announced Thursday that she will unveil the music video for “Patient Zero” at the MTV VMAs on Sunday, and in the meantime, gave Swifties a very short (13-second) sneak peek, revealing Johnson as one of the stars.

Johnson opened about her role in the video at the “Verity” red carpet premiere in London on Thursday.

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“Working with your friends is like the most fun thing on the planet because we’ve known each other for so long, we respect each other’s creative minds, and to be able to work alongside her and support and assist and be a person whom she tells what to do is wonderful,” Johnson said.

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Johnson emphasized her excitement on Ambar Lee and Leah Briars’ Fangirl Nation podcast on Thursday.

“Taylor and I have been friends for a really long time and we’re very close, and we decided to work together and it’s great,” Johnson said. “Normally I would say ‘Don’t work with your friends,’ but we work really well together. It was so fun. So fun. It was the best. We just had the best time.”

Their decades-long friendship was further confirmed with Johnson’s attendance at Swift’s star-studded wedding at Madison Square Garden this July.

Swift announced the single on Tuesday, followed by the news of “The Life of a Showgirl: The Encore” on Wednesday. The album, an expanded version of last year’s “The Life of a Showgirl,” includes four new tracks: “Patient Zero,” “Cleveland!,” “Pink Clouding” and “Babylon.”

“About a year ago, you guys did a truly unfathomable thing,” Swift wrote on social media. “Something that completely blew my mind… You gave ‘The Life of a Showgirl’ the biggest first week for an album in history. I took a trip to Sweden to celebrate with Max and Shellback, my two collaborators on this album. Really, we just wanted to reflect and take in how grateful we were for the moment we were in, but there was a studio there and we did what we do when we feel anything at all: We wrote more songs. I hope you love them, because they were born out of pure gratitude for your exuberance for and celebration of the album we made. ‘The Life of a Showgirl: The Encore’ including four new songs, is out on Friday and available to preorder and save now.”


Source: Variety

Letterboxd Suitors Include A24 and New York Times; Sale Could Value Social Movie Platform at $300 Million: Report

A bidding war may be in full flower for Letterboxd, the popular film-reviews and social service that has been fielding inbound acquisition offers for several months.

Indie studio A24 and the New York Times are the latest to express an interest in buying Letterboxd, according to a New York Times report citing anonymous sources. Any deal is “expected to value Letterboxd at more than $300 million,” per the report. That would be about 20 times its projected earnings in 2026 of roughly $15 million, according to the Times.

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There’s been broad interest in Letterboxd: Those said to have explored a possible acquisition include Netflix, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Paramount Skydance, private-equity giant TPG and Reddit co-creator Alexis Ohanian.

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Asked for comment, Katie Hill, the New York Times’ SVP, global head of communications and external affairs, said, “The company regularly reviews potential investments, and it’s our policy not to comment on speculation about potential acquisitions or divestitures.”

A24 declined to comment. Reps for Letterboxd did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

If a studio or streamer acquired Letterboxd, it would introduce at least the perception of a conflict of interest, as users might wonder if such an owner would favor its own titles on the service. Rotten Tomatoes was part of NBCUniversal for years, raising questions of its independence from the entertainment division. (Rotten Tomatoes is now part of Versant Media, which spun off from NBCU earlier this year.)

In a statement in July, a Letterboxd spokesperson said about reports of potential buyers: “As Letterboxd has grown, it’s natural there will be interest in what we do next. There’s nothing specific for us to share at this time. Any decision about Letterboxd’s future would involve the founders.”

Letterboxd, founded in 2011 and based in New Zealand, has been shopping itself to interested parties in recent months. It is majority-owned by Canadian holding company Tiny, which acquired a 60% stake in Letterboxd in 2023 at a valuation of $50 million-$60 million. Letterboxd co-founders Matthew Buchanan and Karl von Randow own the remaining 40% share.

Letterboxd has more than 30 million members globally and serves a passionate base of movie lovers. The company also has launched an online video-rental service stocked with indie films including previously unreleased titles.


Source: Variety

‘Avengers: Endgame Encore’ Adds 4 New Scenes Tying to ‘Doomsday’: [SPOILER] Fights Doctor Doom, [SPOILER] Travels to the Past and the Multiverse Collapses

SPOILER ALERT: This article contains spoilers for “Avengers: Endgame Encore,” now playing in theaters.

In the lead-up to “Avengers: Doomsday,” Marvel has re-released “Avengers: Endgame” in theaters with four brand new scenes that tie directly into the sprawling team-up film releasing on Dec. 18. Retitled “Avengers: Endgame Encore,” this slightly longer version of the 2019 blockbuster adds four minutes of new footage with characters like Robert Downey Jr.’s mega-villain Doctor Doom, Tom Hiddleston’s Loki and Mark Ruffalo’s Bruce Banner to the already jam-packed movie.

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Marvel started building the hype for “Doomsday” a year ahead of its release with four short teasers attached to last year’s “Avatar: Fire and Ash.” The first revealed that Steve Rogers (Chris Evans) and Peggy Carter (Hayley Atwell) have a son; the second focused on Thor (Chris Hemsworth) and his adopted daughter; the third showed Prof. Xavier (Patrick Stewart), Magneto (Ian McKellen) and Cyclops (James Marsden) from Fox’s “X-Men” universe crossing into the MCU; and the fourth brought together Black Panther (Letitia Wright) and the Wakandans with the Fantastic Four, who traveled from their universe.

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These new “Endgame Encore” scenes were shot during “Doomsday” production and added to the re-release to bridge the two massive “Avengers” stories. The first scene takes place during Steve and Peggy’s dance in the closing of “Endgame.” As fans saw in the original movie, Steve has hung up his Captain America costume, passed the star-spangled shield down to Sam Wilson (Anthony Mackie) and finally settled down with his long-lost love Peggy after traveling back in time. But now, they get a surprising knock at their door from none other than the Norse trickster god, Loki. The last time we saw the reformed villain was in the finale of “Loki” Season 2, where he resigned himself to holding up the entire multiverse for the rest of time. But before that, it seems that Loki, in his Time Variance Authority uniform, pays Steve and Peggy a visit, perhaps to discuss how they’ve created an unstable branch in the multiverse with Steve’s time travel.

“Loki” gets another look with a fellow scene that takes place in the Time Variance Authority with Mobius (Owen Wilson), Casey (Eugene Cordero), Ouroboros (Ke Huy Quan) and Miss Minutes (Tara Strong). They notice that two Earths are about to collide in an incursion and begin firing on each other. More alternate worlds start colliding and terminating, and it’s revealed that the entire multiverse is collapsing. Could those two Earths be Fox’s “X-Men” universe and the mainline MCU world? We already know that Prof. Xavier, Magneto, Cyclops, Mystique (Rebecca Romijn), Nightcrawler (Alan Cumming) and Gambit (Channing Tatum) will cross into the MCU, so this may set up their clash with the Avengers that was teased in the “Doomsday” trailer.

Another new scene with Bruce Banner pops up during the credits and takes place after he’s apprehended in “Spider-Man: Brand New Day.” In this summer’s record-breaking blockbuster, Bruce loses control and is unable to stop from transforming into the Hulk when his mind is controlled by Jean Grey (Sadie Sink). Spider-Man (Tom Holland) beats the super-strong, green giant, and Bruce is taken to a secure medical facility. In the new “Endgame Encore” credits scene, Bruce is in an underground bunker tinkering on a serum to suppress his Hulking out. All of a sudden, Doctor Doom breaks into Bruce’s facility and Bruce turns into the roaring Hulk to face him, but we don’t see what happens next. Does this mean Bruce and/or Hulk will reappear in “Doomsday, and will he be under Doctor Doom’s control?

The final new scene appears at the very end of the credits, when the original “Endgame” had a mysterious, metal-clanging sound in the closing moments. When “Endgame” first released, diehard fans realized that the noise was from “Iron Man” when Downey Jr. was forging his powerful suit of armor. Now, we see a flashes of Doctor Doom making his metal mask with the same sound being played. It’s a dark twist and seems to hint that Doom and Iron Man, while both played by Downey Jr., may also have their origins mirrored.

“Avengers: Doomsday” hits theaters on Dec. 18 — the same day as “Dune: Part 3,” setting up a “Dunesday” showdown. With all of the new scenes, advance teasers and year-long countdown clock, Marvel and Disney are hoping “Doomsday” ends up being another smash hit in the wake of “Spider-Man: Brand New Day’s” record-setting run.


Source: Variety

Variety Power of Women: Industry Leaders Mingle With Stars to Celebrate Female Empowerment and Philanthropy

A packed lineup of talent and industry executives stepped out for Variety’s Power of Women event at the Beverly Hills Hotel on Wednesday night.

Making the rounds at cocktails and inside the ballroom were movers and shakers from the town’s stop studios and platforms. Executives included Warner Bros. TV Group’s Channing Dungey, Disney’s Debra OConnell and Yvett Merino, Amazon’s Kelly Day and Sue Kroll, Disney’s Ayo Davis, Netflix’s Pamela Levine and Tracey Pakosta, Paramount’s Jennifer Dodge, AMPAS’ Jennifer Davidson, screenwriter Aline Brosh McKenna, along with buzzy stars including Paige DeSorbo, Stassi Schroeder, Karen Pittman and Paula Patton.

Jennifer Hudson, Pearlena Igbokwe, Melissa McCarthy and Sharon Stone were honored at the event, hosted by comedian Iliza Shlesinger. The evening was a celebration of the philanthropic efforts of the four honorees as well as the several dozen women recognized in Variety’s annual Women’s Impact Report.


Source: Variety

5th Annual Best in Show | Pets Art Competition: 6 Top Cats

✓Showcase your talent and win big in Artists Network prestigious art competitions! Discover competitions in a variety of media and enter for your chance to win cash prizes, publication in leading art magazines, global exposure, and rewards for your hard work. Plus, gain valuable feedback from renowned jurors. Let your passion shine through – enter an art competition today!

Watch our Competitions page for the 6th Annual Best in Show | Pets Art Competition! 

TOP CAT WINNER 

Blue by You (oil on panel, 8 x 8) by Diane Hoeptner

“Sibling rescues as witnessed at a Northeast Ohio animal shelter were the inspiration for Blue by You. I loved how differently they presented here. One looks rather forlorn; the other is occupied with grooming. 

“My intention was to capture what I saw, based on reference photos taken at the shelter and my memory, and try to accentuate the differences between the cats. I had a vague notion to play up opposing colors: blue and orange. I cooled down the background colors and then spent a lot of time fine-tuning the fur texture and patterns. 

“Nearing the end, I decided the piece needed more oomph. I tried a band of saturated turquoise in place of the shelter-issued white identification collar, and it was the finishing touch that brought the composition together. It’s a good reminder that, sometimes, it’s those last strokes that can really make a painting.”
—Diane Hoeptner

Why it Stands Out

“This one hit me straight in the heart at the very first glance! Aside from the confident brushwork and daring composition, this pose packs an emotional punch. The softly harmonious colors enhance the sweetness between these two cats, and their connection transcends mere felinity, attaching deeply to the viewers’ humanity.”
—Rita Kirkman, Juror 

Honorable Mentions

Abbee (acrylic on board, 2 x 3) by Linda Rossin
Footloose (acrylic on canvas, 36 x 12) by Vie Dunn-Harr
King of Time (charcoal on paper, 13 x 20) by Rosanna Gaddoni
Jasmine (acrylic on panel, 30 x 24) by Jasmine M. Brodrick
The Critic (watercolor batik on rice paper, 14 x 19) by Kathie George

Meet the Artist

Ohio-based artist Diane Hoeptner is known for her small oil paintings of cats. Drawing inspiration from rescue shelters, cat shows and rural farms, she creates evocative narratives that resonate with collectors worldwide. In addition, small animals, vintage patterns, drifting leaves, and butterflies offer enchanting components to her compositions. Notable books featuring her art include Cats in Art, The Book of the Cat and Daily Painting. She holds a B.A. in studio arts from California State University, Northridge.

VISIT THE ARTIST’S WEBSITE


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Source: Artists Network

Pet Project | Winners of the 5th Annual Best in Show Pets Art Competition 

✓Showcase your talent and win big in Artists Network prestigious art competitions! Discover competitions in a variety of media and enter for your chance to win cash prizes, publication in leading art magazines, global exposure, and rewards for your hard work. Plus, gain valuable feedback from renowned jurors. Let your passion shine through – enter an art competition today!

Showcase your talent and win big in Artists Network’s prestigious art competitions! Discover competitions in a variety of media and enter for your chance to win cash prizes, publication in leading art magazines, global exposure, and rewards for your hard work. Plus, gain valuable feedback from renowned jurors. Let your passion shine through – enter an art competition today! 

We’re pleased to present the winners of our annual competition, juried by Patrick Saunders (Dog Category), Rita Kirkman (Cat Category), and John Plishka (Other Category), with Best in Show selected by our editorial team. Thank you to everyone who entered! Your work not only makes for an exceptional field, but also helps support efforts to reduce animal homelessness and suffering through our partnership with the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). 

TAKE A LOOK AT THE WINNERS’ CIRCLE

BEST IN SHOW

Velvet (watercolor on paper, 15 x 13) by Bev Jozwiak

6 DOG WINNERS

Puppy in Profile (Fraser) (oil on canvas, 12 x 9)
by Jill Macdonald

6 CAT WINNERS

Blue by You (oil on panel, 8 x 8) by Diane Hoeptner

6 OTHER PETS WINNERS

Antisocial Butterfly (colored pencil on paper, 18 x 24) by Kate Haanraadts

Watch our Competitions page for the 6th Annual Best in Show | Pets Art Competition! 


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Source: Artists Network

Watercolorist Bev Jozwiak Takes Best in Show   

✓Showcase your talent and win big in Artists Network prestigious art competitions! Discover competitions in a variety of media and enter for your chance to win cash prizes, publication in leading art magazines, global exposure, and rewards for your hard work. Plus, gain valuable feedback from renowned jurors. Let your passion shine through – enter an art competition today!

Watch our Competitions page for the 6th Annual Best in Show | Pets Art Competition! 

BEST IN SHOW WINNER  

Velvet (watercolor on paper, 15 x 13) by Bev Jozwiak

 “I can’t live without pets. I’ve had many over the years—mostly cats and dogs—but fish, parakeets, and even a chameleon have all found their way into my heart and home. 

“Creating a seemingly effortless painting isn’t as easy as it appears. Watercolor is an elusive medium and has a mind of its own. Here are just some of the things that cross my mind while painting: shape, value, color, movement, size, unity, harmony, contrast, dominance, and balance. 

“I tend to be a very direct painter. I paint on Stonehenge Aqua hot-pressed paper, which accommodates my fast, painterly style, allowing the paint to glide easily. Like the Impressionists, I try to place different colors next to one another. You can see the ochres, pinks, and blues in Velvet, and yet it still reads like a gray bunny. I felt like the area under the neck was a little flat, so I “threw” gesso into the wet paint. I’m not a purist; I do whatever I think will work. I ruin some paintings this way, but to me, nothing ventured, nothing gained.”
—Bev Jozwiak

Why it Stands Out  

“This is a fantastic painting with an energetic, full-of-life quality. The fabulous, seemingly spontaneous brushstrokes and beautifully placed splashes of color create a captivating piece that keeps you coming back and finding something new in each look.”
—John Plishka, Juror

More Works by Bev Jozwiak

Fetch (watercolor on paper, 11 x 16) by Bev Jozwiak
Hitchin’ a Lyft (watercolor on paper, 18 x 22) by Bev Jozwiak
Marmalade (watercolor on paper, 14 x 12) by Bev Jozwiak
Squirrel! (watercolor on paper, 11 x 22) by Bev Jozwiak
Tipsy (watercolor on paper, 18 x 26) by Bev Jozwiak

Meet the Artist

International award-winning artist Bev Jozwiak graduated with honors from Western Washington University with a degree in fine art and a minor in art history. She’s a Master Signature Member of the National Watercolor Society and a Signature Member of American Watercolor Society, Transparent Watercolor Society of America ,and Watercolor West, among others. Jozwiak is a popular art instructor, offering workshops throughout the U.S., and has been a juror for prestigious national exhibitions.


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Source: Artists Network

The Power of Perspective Center

✓Showcase your talent and win big in Artists Network prestigious art competitions! Discover competitions in a variety of media and enter for your chance to win cash prizes, publication in leading art magazines, global exposure, and rewards for your hard work. Plus, gain valuable feedback from renowned jurors. Let your passion shine through – enter an art competition today!

When it comes to working with linear perspective, the concept of “perspective center” is one of the most valuable tools to understand. Whether you’re working with elaborate, detailed drawings, or just need a quick tool for rough sketches, having an awareness of perspective center is helpful in a variety of ways. Let’s take a look at what it is, and how it’s useful.

If you are new to working with linear perspective, it can be helpful to have a basic understanding. Here are some helpful resources to get you started:

Read this Article: Beginner Drawing: Linear Perspective: The Basics

Take this Online Course: Perspective Drawing: Understand Linear Perspective

Practice with this Book: Perspective, by William F. Powell

What is Perspective Center?

Let’s begin with a simple, 2-dimensional rectangle, drawn without any use of linear perspective. There are two ways to find its center: 

Approach #1: Measure the midpoints of each side and use lines to connect the points opposite one another. The intersection of these lines marks the center of the rectangle.

Approach #2: Use diagonal lines to connect opposing corners. The intersection of these diagonal lines indicates the center of the rectangle without the need to measure.

Now use the same approach to a rectangle drawn in perspective:

Approach #1: Use a ruler to measure the midpoints of each side, connect the points on opposing sides, and mark the center.

Approach #2: Connect opposing corners with diagonal lines to indicate the center at the point of intersection. 

When using approach #1, notice how it feels “off”? When we recognize the rectangle as receding, we interpret the center of the rectangle as being too far forward. We intuitively understand that the scale of objects gets smaller as they recede, so the back half of the rectangle should be smaller than the front half.

Using approach #2 appears more correct. It shifts the center of the rectangle back into space so that it appears more correct. We call this “Perspective Center” because it marks the center of the rectangle that is consistent with the perspective of the shape within its environment.

Why is it Useful?

Locating the center of a plane, as drawn in perspective, comes in handy more than you might expect. Here are three common applications

1. Architecture

  1. Use Perspective Center to accurately place the peak of a gabled roof, using a simple vertical line extended from the center of the plane.
  2. Accurately place windows, doors and other architectural elements. Use this process to divide a plane into increasingly smaller sections. First divide a plane in half, then quarters, and eighths, etc.
Use Perspective Center to align the peak of a gabled roof (right facing side), or subdivide a wall in half and quarters.

2. Repeating Elements

Repeating elements, like fence posts, telephone poles and floor tiles can be challenging. Here are a couple of ways you can address these types of elements. Let’s use a line of fence posts as an example.

When you know where the first and last fence posts are placed, place them on the page with orthogonal lines to align the tops and bottoms of the posts. This creates a rectangle that can be first divided into half, then quarters, eighths, etc., with each intersection point indicating the placement of a fence post.

When the first two posts are established and the goal is to repeat that spacing into the distance, follow these steps:

  1. Space the first two posts with the desired spacing.
  2. Use orthogonals extending from the top and bottom of the first post to the vanishing point. These orthogonals will mark the baseline and height of each post. (see red lines in the image below)
  3. Divide the first post in half, and place an orthogonal from that midpoint to the vanishing point. This now indicates the center line of each post.
  4. Mark a diagonal line that originates from the bottom of the first post, passes through the midpoint of the second post, and continues to the upper orthogonal. (see cyan lines in the image below)
  5. The intersection of this diagonal with the upper orthogonal indicates the placement of the third post, which can be drawn as a vertical line. (see yellow lines in the image below)
  6. Repeat this process by moving from one post to the next. Use a diagonal line from the base of post #2, pass it through the middle of post #3, and place post #4 where it intersects with the upper diagonal.

3. Natural Elements

Organic, natural elements—clouds, large rock faces, forests, etc.—can benefit from this strategy as well, even though they might not be geometric in nature or feature regularly spaced elements. Even a rough understanding of the center of a form can help to visualize the scale of your marks or placement of smaller forms in a way that’s consistent with linear perspective. Create a rectangular boundary around the form and follow the steps above to indicate the rough placement of the center of the form. While this may not be entirely accurate, it can serve as an aid to your understanding of the larger complex form.

Perspective Center is used to simplify these groups of trees and visualize the scale of the trees as they recede into space.

Practice

Take time to practice this process and gain an intuitive understanding of perspective center. With any subject drawn in perspective, whether it’s highly accurate or a rough impression, having an awareness of the center of an object can help you control the space of your work.


About the Artist

Scott Maier is an artist, instructor, and a content contributor to artistsnetwork.com. He’s an adjunct instructor at Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design, as well as the author of these instructional art books:

See, Think, Draw: An Easy Guide for Realistic Drawing and Beyond.
The Little Book of Oil Painting Secrets
The Field Guide to Landscape Painting (on pre-order)


Source: Artists Network

Reinventing Visibility

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By Daniel Grant

Walk into any prominent art gallery, and you’ll see a notebook on the front desk, inside of which are copies of reviews, notices and feature articles on the artists whose work is on display. Some gallery visitors flip through the pages, but few do much more than scan the headlines to see where the artists have been written up. Perhaps those visitors are seeking a better understanding of what they’re seeing on the gallery walls but, more likely, they’re probably hoping to get a sense of the artists’ standing in the art field.

The number of artist write-ups has been declining in recent years, however. This is largely the result of daily newspapers shrinking their editorial departments, which includes art critics. The most recent example is the firing of Sebastian Smee, art critic for The Washington Post, who lost his job—along with 300 other journalists—in early February. 

Newspapers that used to have full-time critics—such as The Baltimore Sun, The Boston Globe, Chicago Tribune, The Dallas Morning News, Detroit Free Press, Indianapolis Star, Miami Herald, The Philadelphia Inquirer and The Wall Street Journal, among others—no longer do, and the jobs of writers who were originally hired as critics have morphed into general assignment feature writers who may get to do an occasional review. 

Reviews don’t sell newspapers, staff journalists are told, and that’s probably true. For artists, however—not just fine artists but authors and performers, too—the departure of a critic creates an existential loss. Most artist CVs include a “Publications” section that lists where they’ve been written up, and private foundations and governmental arts agencies regularly require that artists include these write-ups when applying for grants or fellowships. 

Regardless of what’s said in these reviews and feature articles, they exist as a form of endorsement. “An artist told me, ‘I don’t care if the review is good or bad, I just want a review, because it’s a record that I existed,’” says George Hemphill, owner of an art gallery in Washington, D.C.  

The decline in the number of newspaper critics has generated a considerable amount of anguish on the part of artists. “Sounds like just another door slamming,” says New York painter Tom Christopher. 

According to Fabio J. Fernandez, executive director of the National Sculpture Society, the cost is, in fact, much greater. “When creative thinkers, writers and makers aren’t given forums to present their work, our entire society and culture suffers as a result,” he says.

The New Gatekeepers

Perhaps the story isn’t all doom and gloom, however, if artists are able to pivot to other ways of promoting themselves—particularly with social media. “I don’t think we’re seeing the end of critical validation, but we are in the midst of an evolution,” says Andy Cushman, account director in charge of visual arts at Blue Medium, a New York-based public relations company serving the visual arts, architecture and design communities. “Social media is an incredible engine for visibility, and for a certain demographic of artists, it has already replaced the critic as the primary driver of attention to their work.”

Too many artists wait to be discovered, or they assume that an art dealer or critic will promote their work to great heights. “I advise artists to focus on what they can control,” says Cushman. “Use the commonplace technologies available to you to improve your core communication, an area I consistently see neglected. As banal as it sounds, email is at the core of every successful venture. Build a list of people you actually know and respect. Send seasonal updates. Use the ‘off-season’ to foster genuine one-on-one dialogues that begin with an email and culminate on Zoom. If the legacy critics aren’t there to bridge the gap between the work and the institution, the artist has to be the one to do it through direct, sustained professional engagement. In the absence of a gatekeeper, artists must be their own advocates.”

Promotional Pivot

“Of course, not every artist has the skills or interest in doing that kind of work,” says Shannon Wilkinson, founder and chief executive officer of Reputation Communications, which works with corporations and business executives. “First and foremost, every artist should have a website.” 

For artists who don’t have a website, there are multiple platforms that will make the building easy. Wilkinson recommends Squarespace. “It has several ready-to-go, predesigned templates,” she says. “You just upload your art to the site, and you’re off.”

Another site that can be useful is the online platform Substack, where, according to Wilkinson, “some well- known art critics and historians are publishing memoir-style reflections and long-form essays on art.” 

Substack is paid for monthly, and users upload their writings, as well as their email lists, to develop a readership. Many Substack users ask their readers to pay a subscription to support their commentaries. (Substack takes a percentage of those earnings.)

Substack has been appealing to many art critics, as it offers subscription income and independence from editorial constraints, which some critics see as a way to escape shrinking or censorious legacy media structures. 

Some artists are also producing podcasts, YouTube and TikTok videos, as well as Instagram and Facebook reels. “All of this requires artists to develop or hone skills that are perhaps foreign to them,” says Wilkinson. “Not everyone is comfortable being videoed, and not everyone is a good writer—but everyone is on online platforms these days.”

About the Artist

Daniel Grant is the author of The Business of Being an Artist.


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